Nicotinamide

• Diet: Widely found in both animal and plant-based foods, including lean meats, fish, eggs, milk, nuts, legumes, and whole grains.
• Biosynthesis: The body can synthesize it from the amino acid tryptophan, though this process is inefficient.
• Supplements: Available in various forms, often included in multivitamins or sold as a standalone supplement.

• Energy Metabolism: As a precursor to the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), nicotinamide is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce energy.
• DNA Repair and Maintenance: NAD+ is crucial for DNA repair mechanisms and maintaining genomic stability.
• Cellular Signaling: Participates in various cellular signaling pathways, influencing processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
• Skin Health: Externally, it is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to improve skin barrier function, reduce inflammation, minimize pores, and help even out skin tone.
• Neuroprotection: May have protective effects on the brain and nervous system, potentially reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
• Immune Function: Supports the normal function of the immune system.

• A severe deficiency of niacin (which the body can convert to nicotinamide) leads to pellagra, a disease characterized by the "four Ds": dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death.
• While rare in developed countries due to fortified foods, deficiency can occur in individuals with poor diet, malabsorption issues, or certain medical conditions.